Mishnah Menachot 1

Authored by: T/N, Joshua Kulp
1:1
כל המנחות שנקמצו שלא לשמן כשרות. אלא שלא עלו לבעלים משום חובה. חוץ ממנחת חוטא. ומנחת קנאות. מנחת חוטא ומנחת קנאות שקמצן שלא לשמן נתן בכלי והלך והקטיר שלא לשמן או לשמן ושלא לשמן. או שלא לשמן ולשמן. פסולות. כיצד לשמן ושלא לשמן. לשם מנחת חוטא ולשם מנחת נדבה. או שלא לשמן ולשמן. לשם מנחת נדבה. ולשם מנחת חוטא:
All minhahs from which the handful was taken not in their own name are valid, except that they do not count in fulfilling their owners’ obligation, with the exception of the sinner's minhah and the minhah of jealousy. A sinner’s minhah and the minhah of jealousy from which he removed the handful not in their own name, or he put into the vessel, or brought [to the altar], or burned not in their own name, or for their own name and not for their own name, or not for their own name and for their own name, they are invalid. How can they be “for their own name and not for their own name”? [If offered it] as a sinner's minhah and as a voluntary minhah. And how can they be “not for their own name and for their own name”? [If offered it] as a voluntary minhah and as a sinner's minhah.
1:2
אחת מנחת חוטא ואחת כל המנחות שקמצן זר. אונן. טבול יום. מחוסר בגדים. מחוסר כפורים. שלא רחוץ ידים ורגלים. ערל. טמא. יושב. עומד על גבי כלים. על גבי בהמה. על גבי רגלי חברו. פסל. קמץ בשמאל. פסל. בן בתירא אומר יחזיר ויחזור ויקמוץ בימין. קמץ ועלה בידו צרור או גרגיר מלח או קורט של לבונה פסל. מפני שאמרו הקומץ היתר והחסר פסל. איזה הוא היתר שקמצו מבורץ. וחסר שקמצו בראשי אצבעותיו. כיצד הוא עושה. פושט את אצבעותיו על פס ידו:
As for both a sinner’s minhah and any other minhah if [one of the following] removed the handful: a non-priest; or [a priest] that was an onen; or one who immersed himself during the day; or was not wearing the priestly vestments, or whose atonement was lacking; or who had not washed his hands and feet; or that was uncircumcised; or unclean; or was sitting, or standing upon vessels or upon a beast or upon another's feet, it is invalid. If [a priest] removed the handful with his left hand it is invalid. Ben Batera says: he may put [the handful] back and take it out again with the right hand. If on taking the handful there came into his hand a small stone or a grain of salt or a drop of frankincense it is invalid, for they have said: if the handful was too much or too little it is invalid. What is meant by “too much? If he took an overflowing handful. And ‘too little’? If he took the handful with the tips of his fingers only. How should he do it? He should stretch out his fingers on to the palm of his hand.
1:3
ריבה שמנה וחסר שמנה חסר לבונתה. פסולה. הקומץ את המנחה לאכול שיריה בחוץ או כזית משיריה בחוץ. להקטיר קומצה בחוץ או כזית מקומצה בחוץ. או להקטיר לבונתה בחוץ. פסול ואין בו כרת. לאכול שיריה למחר. או כזית משיריה למחר. להקטיר קומצה למחר. או כזית מקומצה למחר. או להקטיר לבונתה למחר. פגול וחייבין עליו כרת. זה הכלל כל הקומץ והנותן בכלי והמהלך. והמקטיר לאכול דבר שדרכו לאכול ולהקטיר דבר שדרכו להקטיר. חוץ למקומו פסול ואין בו כרת. חוץ לזמנו פגול וחייבין עליו כרת. ובלבד שיקרב המתיר כמצותו. כיצד קרב המתיר כמצותו. קמץ בשתיקה. ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר חוץ לזמנו. או שקמץ חוץ לזמנו ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר בשתיקה. או שקמץ ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר חוץ לזמנו זה הוא שקרב המתיר כמצותו:
If he put in too much of its oil or too little of its oil or too little of its frankincense, it is invalid. One who takes a fistful from the minhah [intending]: To eat the remainder outside [the Temple] or an olive’s worth outside; To burn the fistful or an olive’s worth of the fistful outside; To burn its frankincense outside, It is invalid, but it does not involve karet. [One who takes a fistful from the minhah intending]: To eat the remainder the next day or an olive’s worth the next day; To burn the fistful the next day or an olive’s worth of the fistful the next day; To burn its frankincense the next day, It is piggul, and involves kareth. This is the general rule: anyone who removes the fistful, or puts it into a vessel, or carries it to the altar, or burns it, [intending] to eat as much as an olive of that which is normally eaten or to burn [on the altar] as much as an olive of that which is normally burned outside its prescribed place, [the minhah] is invalid, but it does not involve karet; [Intending to eat or burn] after its designated time, it is piggul and it involves karet. Provided that the mattir is offered in accordance with the law. How is the mattir offered in accordance with the law? If one took out the fistful in silence, and put it in a vessel, or carried it, or burned it, [intending to eat it] after its designated time; Or if one took out the fistful [intending to eat the minhah] after its designated time, and put it in a vessel, and carried it and burned it in silence, or if one took out the fistful, or put it in a vessel, or carried it, or burned it [intending to eat the minhah] after its designated time. That is offering the mattir in accordance with the law.
1:4
כיצד לא קרב המתיר כמצותו. קמץ חוץ למקומו ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר חוץ לזמנו. או שקמץ חוץ לזמנו ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר חוץ למקומו. או שקמץ ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר חוץ למקומו. מנחת חוטא ומנחת קנאות שקמצן שלא לשמן. ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר חוץ לזמנן. או שקמץ חוץ לזמנן. ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר שלא לשמן. או שקמץ ונתן בכלי והלך והקטיר שלא לשמן זה הוא שלא קרב המתיר כמצותו. לאכול כזית בחוץ וכזית למחר כזית למחר וכזית בחוץ. כחצי זית בחוץ וכחצי זית למחר. כחצי זית למחר וכחצי זית בחוץ פסול ואין בו כרת. אמר רבי יהודה זה הכלל. אם מחשבת הזמן קדמה למחשבת המקום. פגול. וחייבים עליו כרת. ואם מחשבת המקום קדמה למחשבת הזמן פסול ואין בו כרת. וחכמים אומרים זה וזה פסול. ואין בו כרת. לאכול כחצי זית. ולהקטיר כחצי זית. כשר. שאין אכילה והקטרה מצטרפין:
How is the mattir not offered in accordance with the law? If one took out the fistful [intending to eat it] outside the designated place, [and] put it in a vessel, carried it to the altar, and burned [with the intention of eating it] after its designated time; Or if one took out the fistful [intending to eat it] after its designated time, [and] received, carried it to the altar, and burned it [intending to eat it] outside its designated place, or if one took out the fistful, received, carried it to the altar, and burned [intending to eat it] outside its designated time. If one took out the fistful of a sinner’s minhah or the minhah of jealousy for the sake of something else, and received, carried it to the altar, and burned [intending to eat them] after their designated time; Or if one took out the fistful [from them, intending to eat] after their designated time, [and] received, carried it to the altar, and burned for the sake of something else, or if one took out the fistful, received, carried it to the altar, and burned for the sake of something else;Rabbi Judah said: this is the general rule: where the [improper] intention of time precedes the [improper] intention of place, [the sacrifice] is piggul, and involves karet; but if the [improper] intention of place precedes the [improper] intention of time, it is invalid and does not involve kareth. In these cases the mattir was not offered in accordance with the lawBut the sages say: in both cases [the sacrifice] is invalid and does not involve karet. [If one intended] to eat as much as an olive outside its designated place [and] as much as an olive on the next day, [or] as much as an olive on the next day [and] as much as an olive outside its designated place; Half as much as an olive outside its designated place [and] half as much as an olive on the next day; Half as much as an olive on the next day [and] half as much as an olive outside its designated place, [The sacrifice] is unfit, and does not involve karet.[If one intends] to eat half as much as an olive [after its intended time or outside its intended place] [and] to burn half as much as an olive [similarly] it is valid, for eating and burning do not combine.

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